Indicaciones en las que el cariotipo sigue siendo superior a las técnicas de diagnóstico molecular:
Características fenotípicas típicas de un síndrome cromosómico específico (p.e. Down).
Talla baja, pubertad retrasada, amenorrea o genitales ambiguos (para descartar
aneuploidias y mosaicos de los cromosomas sexuales).
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Muerte fetal, muerte neonatal y aborto (para descartar
aneuploidia ).
De forma muy parecida a las translocaciones recíprocas, la mayoría de inversiones son heredadas y no se asocian a un fenotipo clínico, pero los portadores están en riesgo incrementado de producir gametos anormales y problemas de fertilidad asociados, como consecuencia de eventos de cruzamiento en la meiosis en los que se vea involucrado el segmento invertido.
Historia familiar de anormalidades cromosómicas detectadas por métodos citogenéticos (variantes de heterocromatina, etc).
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1.
Liehr T. Cytogenetically visible copy number variations (CG-CNVs) in banding and molecular cytogenetics of human; about heteromorphisms and euchromatic variants. Mol Cytogenet [Internet]. 2016 Jan 22 [cited 2022 Sep 24];9:5. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4724132/
Cuando el aCGH detecta una trisomía de un cromosoma
acrocéntrico (en particular, del 13 y el 21), esto puede ser el resulado de una trisomía libre (que en la mayoría de los casos es esporádica) o una
traslocación robertsoniana parental (asociada con un riesgo de recurrencia incrementado).
Cuando el aCGH detecta una delección y una duplicación en un mismo cromosoma.
Puede ser indicativo de una inversión pericéntrica parental, por lo que habrá que realizar un cariotipo a los progenitores.
Cuando sospechemos alteraciones estructurales cromosómicas sin alteración del número de copias.
Microcefalia y talla baja severa, o bien reordenamientos cromosómicos complejos, para descartar aneuploidia variegata en mosaico, síndrome de Nijmejen.
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