Unter neurologischer Entwicklung verstehen wir den Prozess des Erwerbs von Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten, der im Laufe der Kindheit vom Zentralnervensystem durchgeführt wird. Es handelt sich um einen hierarchischen, sequentiellen und stereotypen Prozess, der genetisch kodiert, aber von der Umwelt moduliert wird.

Podemos clasificar el neurodesarrollo en distintos dominios, en función de las habilidades que se encuentran involucradas.

Además hay algunas habilidades específicas multidominio que son de utilidad a la hora de valorar el neurodesarrollo de un niño.

Por otro lado, muchas funciones fisiológicas también están condicionadas por el neurodesarrollo, por lo que en los niños deben valorarse teniendo en cuenta a éste.

Quantitative Bewertung.
Entwicklungsmeilensteine. Was meinen wir?
  • Für eine korrekte Beurteilung ist es notwendig, die je nach Alter zu erwartenden Meilensteine ​​zu kennen.
  • Traditionell werden sie in der Pädiatrie unter Berücksichtigung des Alters erlernt, in dem die durchschnittliche Bevölkerung sie erwirbt. Anstatt seine statistische Verteilung über die Zeit zu kennen oder Entwicklungsfenster (Alter, in dem das 10. Perzentil, das 50. Perzentil und das 90. Perzentil es erreichen).

mm_windows_graphEntladung
  • Es ist vollständig nachgewiesen, dass die Verwendung von Screening-Tests es mucho más precisa en la valoración clínica, ya que permite realizar una evaluación mejor que aplicando un listado de «hitos normales».
Der Denver-II-Test ist ein Screening-Tool, das auf der US-Bevölkerung basiert.
Denver II-TestEntladung
Der Haizea-Llevant-Test basiert auf der spanischen Bevölkerung.

Haizea-Llevant-TestEntladung
Quantifizierung der Entwicklung. Die beste Strategie zum Vergleichen.

Screening-Tests dienen jedoch lediglich dazu, die Entwicklungssituation zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt zu kennen und neurotypische Kinder von Kindern mit Alarmsymptomen unterscheiden zu können.

Wenn wir ein Kind mit neurologischen Entwicklungsproblemen identifizieren, ist dies notwendig medir a traves de una escala de desarrollo, los distintos dominios y el desarrollo global, y compararlo con una población estandarizada. Las escalas de desarrollo suelen permitir el cálculo de una «gleichwertiges oder Entwicklungsalter«.

Mit einem Entwicklungsalter können wir das berechnen Entwicklungsquotient. Sie können in leichte (CD 70–100), mittelschwere (CD 50–70) und schwere (CD weniger als 50) Verzögerung eingeteilt werden.

Einige Entwicklungsskalen bieten sogar eine standardisierte Punktzahl mit der statistischen Position des Kindes in Bezug auf die normale Kohorte (Z- oder T-Score), um die statistische Abweichung und damit die Schwere des Problems zu kennen.

Entwicklungsverläufe. Das leistungsstärkste Tool für Prognosen.

Eine zeitlich isolierte Messung ermöglicht jedoch nur die Kenntnis der statischen Situation. Wenn wir mehrere aufeinanderfolgende Messungen erhalten, können wir auf a schließen Entwicklungspfad, que es una herramienta muy potente a la hora de poder inferir un pronóstico. Es especialmente importante conservar registros evolutivos para poder diagnosticar tempranamente la regresión del desarrollo.

Entwicklungsverläufe und Variabilität der normotypischen Neuroentwicklung.

Qualitative Beurteilung.

Zusätzlich zur Beurteilung, ob eine Entwicklung stattfindet Ungleichgewicht gegenüber der normalen Entwicklung, es ist notwendig zu prüfen, ob es welche gibt síntomas cuya presencia por si misma suponga un síntoma de alarma (banderas rojas).

Trainingstools:

Es gibt verschiedene Instrumente, die zur Beurteilung der neurologischen Entwicklung trainiert werden können.

  • Im Internet Wege Es sind Videos mit normalen Entwicklungsmeilensteinen entsprechend dem chronologischen Alter verfügbar.
  • Auf der CUDAP-Website gibt es eine Screening-Test mit Videoaufzeichnungen, die von den Eltern angewendet werden können.

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