Unter neurologischer Entwicklung verstehen wir den Prozess des Erwerbs von Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten, der im Laufe der Kindheit vom Zentralnervensystem durchgeführt wird. Es handelt sich um einen hierarchischen, sequentiellen und stereotypen Prozess, der genetisch kodiert, aber von der Umwelt moduliert wird.

Wir können die neurologische Entwicklung je nach den beteiligten Fähigkeiten in verschiedene Bereiche einteilen.

Darüber hinaus gibt es einige spezifische Multidomänenfähigkeiten, die bei der Beurteilung der neurologischen Entwicklung eines Kindes nützlich sind.

Andererseits sind viele physiologische Funktionen auch durch die neurologische Entwicklung bedingt und müssen daher bei Kindern unter Berücksichtigung dieser Faktoren beurteilt werden.

Quantitative Bewertung.
Entwicklungsmeilensteine. Was meinen wir?
  • Für eine korrekte Beurteilung ist es notwendig, die je nach Alter zu erwartenden Meilensteine ​​zu kennen.
  • Traditionell werden sie in der Pädiatrie unter Berücksichtigung des Alters erlernt, in dem die durchschnittliche Bevölkerung sie erwirbt. Anstatt seine statistische Verteilung über die Zeit zu kennen oder Entwicklungsfenster (Alter, in dem das 10. Perzentil, das 50. Perzentil und das 90. Perzentil es erreichen).

mm_windows_graphEntladung
  • Es ist vollständig nachgewiesen, dass die Verwendung von Screening-Tests Sie ist bei der klinischen Beurteilung wesentlich präziser, da sie eine bessere Einschätzung ermöglicht als die Anwendung einer Liste mit „normalen Entwicklungsmeilensteinen“.
Der Denver-II-Test ist ein Screening-Tool, das auf der US-Bevölkerung basiert.
Denver II-TestEntladung
Der Haizea-Llevant-Test basiert auf der spanischen Bevölkerung.

Haizea-Llevant-TestEntladung
Quantifizierung der Entwicklung. Die beste Strategie zum Vergleichen.

Screening-Tests dienen jedoch lediglich dazu, die Entwicklungssituation zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt zu kennen und neurotypische Kinder von Kindern mit Alarmsymptomen unterscheiden zu können.

Wenn wir ein Kind mit neurologischen Entwicklungsproblemen identifizieren, ist dies notwendig durch a messen Entwicklungsmaßstab, die verschiedenen Bereiche und die allgemeine Entwicklung, und diese mit einer standardisierten Population zu vergleichen. Entwicklungsskalen ermöglichen in der Regel die Berechnung eines „gleichwertiges oder Entwicklungsalter«.

Mit einem Entwicklungsalter können wir das berechnen Entwicklungsquotient. Sie können in leichte (CD 70–100), mittelschwere (CD 50–70) und schwere (CD weniger als 50) Verzögerung eingeteilt werden.

Einige Entwicklungsskalen bieten sogar eine standardisierte Punktzahl mit der statistischen Position des Kindes in Bezug auf die normale Kohorte (Z- oder T-Score), um die statistische Abweichung und damit die Schwere des Problems zu kennen.

Entwicklungsverläufe. Das leistungsstärkste Tool für Prognosen.

Eine zeitlich isolierte Messung ermöglicht jedoch nur die Kenntnis der statischen Situation. Wenn wir mehrere aufeinanderfolgende Messungen erhalten, können wir auf a schließen Entwicklungspfad, ein sehr leistungsfähiges Werkzeug, wenn es darum geht, eine Prognose abzuleiten. Es ist besonders wichtig, Evolutionsaufzeichnungen zu führen, um die Krankheit frühzeitig diagnostizieren zu können. Entwicklungsrückgang.

Entwicklungsverläufe und Variabilität der normotypischen Neuroentwicklung.

Qualitative Beurteilung.

Zusätzlich zur Beurteilung, ob eine Entwicklung stattfindet Ungleichgewicht gegenüber der normalen Entwicklung, es ist notwendig zu prüfen, ob es welche gibt Symptome, deren Vorhandensein für sich genommen ein Alarmsymptom darstellt (rote Fahnen).

Trainingstools:

Es gibt verschiedene Instrumente, die zur Beurteilung der neurologischen Entwicklung trainiert werden können.

  • Im Internet Wege Es sind Videos mit normalen Entwicklungsmeilensteinen entsprechend dem chronologischen Alter verfügbar.
  • Auf der CUDAP-Website gibt es eine Screening-Test mit Videoaufzeichnungen, die von den Eltern angewendet werden können.

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