Criterios diagnósticos:
- Se establece el diagnóstico de NF-1 cuando un indivíduo cumple 2 o más de los siguientes:
- 6 o más manchas café con leche >5 mm de diámetro mayor en prepúberes, >15 mm de diámetro mayor en postpúberes.
- Pecas en las regiones axilares o inguinales (freckling).
- 2 o más neurofibromas de cualquier tipo, o 1 neurofibroma plexiforme.
- Glioma del nervio óptico.
- 2 o más nódulos de Lisch identificados mediante valoración con lámpara de hendidura, o 2 o más anomalias coroidales (nódulos parcheados brillantes identificados por OCT o técnicas de imagen del infrarrojo cercano).
- Una lesión ósea distintiva como la displasia del esfenoides, la curvatura anterolateral de la tibia o la pseudoartrosis de un hueso largo.
- Padre o madre que cumple criterios diagnósticos de NF-1.
- Una mutación patogénica germinal en el gen NF1.
Diagnóstico diferencial.
- Otras formas de neurofibromatosis:
- Neurofibromatosis segmentaria.
- Síndrome de Legius.
- Neurofibromatosis tipo 2.
- Schwannomatosis.
- Síndrome NF1-Noonan (Síndrome de Watson).
- Síndromes de sobrecrecimiento:
- Síndrome de Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber.
- Síndrome de Proteus.
- Otras enfermedades con los mismos cambios pigmentarios:
- Síndrome de McCune-Albright.
- Síndrome LEOPARD.
- Piebaldismo.
- Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers.
- Otras enfermedades con tumores confundibles con neurofibromas.
- MEN 2B.
- Fibromatosis.
- Lipomatosis.
- Síndrome de Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcava.
Cronología de aparición de los síntomas:
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Asociación de afectados de neurofibromatosis.