En la herencia ligada al X, clásicamente se ha considerado que el patrón de transmisión se produce de mujeres portadoras a varones afectos, y que por tanto, una mujer portadora tendría una probabilidad de concebir un 50% de varones afectos y un 50% de mujeres portadoras. Sin embargo este supuesto sólo se cumple en el caso de enfermedades recesivas.
Además, existen determinadas circustancias que pueden dar lugar a un patrón de herencia “invertido”, con mujeres afectas y hombres no afectos. Este fenómeno paradójico se produce en varias enfermedades neurológicas relevantes, la más conocida el síndrome de Rett.
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