¿Por que?

La exploración cutánea en neurología pediátrica persigue la identificación de aquellas manifestaciones clínicas dermatológicas que pueden estar asociadas a enfermedades neurológicas pediátricas, y esto ocurre por varios mecanismos:

  • Por formar parte de las manifestaciones clínicas de una enfermedad neurocutánea de base genética (genodermatosis).
    • Existe una base embriológica que explica de la relación entre las enfermedades cutáneas y las enfermedades neurológicas, y existe un subtipo especial de estas enfermedades llamado neurocristopatías.
  • Por formar parte de las consecuencias de trastornos conductuales.
    • Trastornos de conducta que conducen a autolesión.
    • Trastornos alimentarios que producen conductas restrictivas y como consecuencia enfermedades carenciales con manifestaciones dermatológicas.
¿Como?

Búsqueda de síntomas cutáneos.

  • Relacionados con la queratinización de la piel. Neuroictiosis.
  • Relacionados con la estructura del pelo. Neurotricosis.
  • Facomatosis (enfermedades hamartomatoneoplásicas).
  • Relacionados con la pigmentación cutánea.
  • Relacionados con malformaciones vasculares subyacentes.
  • Los mosaicos genéticos pueden presentarse con manifestaciones cutáneas que permiten identificarlos.
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    1.
    Pérez AGA, De Lucas Laguna R, Jiménez JQ. La piel como expresión de alteraciones neurológicas en el recién nacido. Anales de Pediatría [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2015 Nov 27];62:548–63. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1695403305701120

Exploración específica.

  • Además de la inspección superficial, resulta de interés la utilización de la lámpara de Wood y el dermatoscopio.
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    Klatte J l., van der Beek N, Kemperman P m. j. h. 100 years of Wood’s lamp revised. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2023 Feb 19];29(5):842–7. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jdv.12860
Mancha hipocrómica en forma de hoja, esclerosis tuberosa.
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