私たちは神経発達を、幼少期を通じて中枢神経系によって実行されるスキルと能力を獲得するプロセスとして理解しています。それは階層的で逐次的かつ定型化されたプロセスであり、遺伝的にコード化されていますが、環境によって調整されています。

関係するスキルに応じて、神経発達をさまざまな領域に分類できます。

さらに、子供の神経発達を評価する際に役立つ、特定のマルチドメイン スキルがいくつかあります。

一方、多くの生理機能も神経発達によって条件付けられているため、小児ではこれを考慮して評価する必要があります。

定量的な評価。
開発のマイルストーン。どういう意味でしょうか?
  • 正しく評価するには、年齢に応じて予想されるマイルストーンが何であるかを知る必要があります。
  • 伝統的に小児科では、平均人口がそれらを取得する年齢を考慮して学習されてきました。 時間の経過に伴う統計的分布を知る代わりに、 開発ウィンドウ (10 パーセンタイル、50 パーセンタイル、および 90 パーセンタイルがそれに到達する年齢)。

  • の使用が完全に実証されています。 スクリーニング検査 「通常のマイルストーン」のリストを適用するよりも優れた評価が可能となるため、臨床評価においてははるかに正確です。
デンバー II テストは、米国の人口に基づいたスクリーニング ツールです。
ハイゼア・レバント検査はスペイン人の人口に基づいています。
開発の定量化。比較するのに最適な戦略。

しかし、スクリーニング検査は、特定の時点での発達状況を知り、定型発達の子供と憂慮すべき症状を示す子供を区別できるようにするためにのみ役立ちます。

神経発達上の問題のある子供を特定した場合、次のことが必要です。 を通して測定する 開発規模、さまざまなドメインと世界的な発展を比較し、それを標準化された母集団と比較します。発達スケールでは通常、« の計算が可能です。同等または発達年齢«.

発達年齢から計算できるのは、 開発商。これらは、軽度 (CD 70 ~ 100)、中等度 (CD 50 ~ 70)、および重度 (CD 50 未満) の遅延として分類できます。

一部の発達スケールでは、 標準化されたスコア 正常コホートに対する子供の統計的位置(Z スコアまたは T スコア)を使用して、統計的偏差、したがって問題の深刻度を知ることができます。

開発の軌跡。予測のための最も強力なツール。

ただし、時間的に分離された測定では、静的な状況を知ることしかできません。いくつかの連続した測定値を取得すると、次のことが推測できます。 開発パス、これは予測を推測する際に非常に強力なツールです。病気を早期に診断できるように、進化の記録を保管することが特に重要です。 発達退行.

正常型神経発達の発達軌跡と変動性。

定性的評価。

開発が行われているかどうかを評価するだけでなく、 正常な発達に対する不均衡があるかどうかを検討する必要があります。 その存在自体が警報症状を表す症状 (赤旗).

トレーニングツール:

神経発達の評価を訓練するためのツールがいくつかあります。

  • ウェブ上で 通路 実年齢に応じた正常な発達マイルストーンのビデオが利用可能です。

19955111 {19955111:592B552C};{19955111:7A63X98F},{19955111:UAMEQREW},{19955111:JBXAZGTB} 1 バンクーバー 50 デフォルト 1869 https://neuropediatoolkit.org/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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