In unserem geografischen Gebiet gibt es zwei Minderheitenpopulationen, die aus genetischer Sicht von Interesse sind, vor allem weil sie in der Vergangenheit praktiziert haben Inzucht und präsent hoch Blutsverwandtschaftund dafür, dass sie unter genetischen Engpässen gelitten haben, die dazu geführt haben Gründereffekt bei einigen Krankheiten.

  • Mendelsche Krankheiten, die durch privative Mutationen mit Gründereffekt in der Zigeunerbevölkerung verursacht werden.
StörungOMIM*NachlassKarteGenMutation
Standort
primär angeboren231300A.R.14 Uhr 21CYP1B1E387K
Glaukom
Galaktokinase230200A.R.17q24GK1P28T
Mangel
Polyzystische Niere173900ANZEIGE.4q21-q23PKD2R306X**
Krankheit
Erbliche motorische und601455A.R.8q24NDRG1R148X
Sensorische Neuropathie-Lom
Erbliche motorische und605285A.R.10q23
Sensorische Neuropathie-Russe
Angeborener Katarakt im Gesicht604168A.R.18qter
Dysmorphismus-Neuropathie
  • Gemeldete Trägerraten einzelner Genstörungen bei Roma
StörungLandAllgemeinHohes Risiko
RomGruppen
Primäres angeborenes GlaukomSlowakei5%*11%
GalaktokinaseBulgarien2%*4%-5%
Mangel
Autosomal-dominante polyzystische ErkrankungUngarn2.4%
Nierenerkrankung
Erblich motorisch und sensorischBulgarien*2%*20%
Neuropathie-Lom
Muskeldystrophie des Gliedmaßengürtels**Bulgarien2%6%
Typ 2C
MCAD-Mangel***Spanien*2.5%-10%
Phenylketonurietschechisch6%
Slowakei
Okulokutaner AlbinismusSpanien3.4%
Fraser-SyndromSpanien2.7%
Epidermolysis bullosaSpanien2.4%
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1.
Kalaydjieva L, Gresham D, Calafell F. Genetische Studien der Roma (Zigeuner): eine Übersicht. BMC Med Genet [Internet]. 2. April 2001 [zitiert am 11. April 2021];2:5. Erhältlich bei: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC31389/

Zusätzlich zu den vorherigen Tabellen wird auch eine Möglichkeit beschrieben angeborene Myasthenie die in der Roma-Bevölkerung häufiger vorkommt als in der Allgemeinbevölkerung, insbesondere die epsilon1267delG-Mutation im Epsilon-Untereinheit-Gen des Acetylcholinrezeptors (AChR).

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1.
Abicht A, Stucka R, Karcagi V, Herczegfalvi A, Horváth R, Mortier W, et al. Eine häufige Mutation (epsilon1267delG) bei Patienten mit angeborener Myasthenie aus der ethnischen Gruppe der Roma. Neurology. 22. Oktober 1999; 53(7):1564–9.