Vorübergehende neonatale Myasthenie ist eine seltene Komplikation der mütterlichen Myasthenia gravis.
Etwa 10–15 % der Kinder von Müttern haben Anti-Acetylcholin-Rezeptor-Antikörper (AChR) und seltener Anti-Muskel-spezifische Kinase (MuSK).
Die Symptome treten meist ab dem 3. Lebenstag auf, in fast allen Fällen kommt es zu einer beidseitigen Fazialisparese und Schwierigkeiten beim Saugen. Die Symptome verschwinden normalerweise im Alter von einem Monat.
Bei einer kleinen Gruppe von Patienten kann jedoch eine viel schwerwiegendere Erkrankung auftreten, mit fetaler Arthrogrypose und anhaltender Bulbofazialparese bis zum Erwachsenenalter, dem sogenannten fetalen AChR-Inaktivierungssyndrom, aufgrund von Antikörpern gegen die fetale Gamma-Untereinheit, die bei Erwachsenen durch die Epsilon-Untereinheit ersetzt wird.
Die Inaktivierung des Rezeptors erfolgt durch den Kontakt mit spezifischen Antikörpern in einer kritischen Entwicklungsphase.
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