1. Referral criteria:

  • Emergency referral:
    • Children under 24 months of age with progressive increase in head circumference in successive measurements and acute neurological alarm symptoms (tensioned fontanelle, vomiting, headache, neurological focality, alteration of neurodevelopment).
  • Referral to “High Resolution”
    • Children under 24 months with progressive head shape disorder (craniosynostosis).
  • Preferential Referral:
    • Children under 24 months with shape or size disorder and comorbid chronic neurological symptoms (abnormal neurodevelopment).
  • Ordinary Referral:
    • Children under 24 months with shape or size disorder without comorbid neurological symptoms (normal neurodevelopment).
    • Over 24 months with head shape or size disorder (with or without comorbid neurological symptoms).
  • NOT indicated referral:
    • Familial macrocephaly.
    • Isolated postural plagiocephaly (normal neurodevelopment).
    • Macrocephaly or isolated harmonic microcephaly (normal neurodevelopment).
    • Measurement errors.

2. Minimum data of the interconsultation:

  • Family history of neurodevelopmental disorders, consanguinity.
  • Social background. Socio-family situation.
  • Perinatal history.
  • Development history. It should include a screening of Haizea-Llevant if the suspicion is developmental delay, and a M-CHAT if the suspicion is autism spectrum disorder.
  • Neurological examination, including:
  • Transfontanelar ultrasound in children under 12 months of age with progressive macrocephaly.