头部生长是儿科时期易于监测的参数之一，使我们能够评估生长、发育和潜在神经系统问题的存在。

数量问题。头围。

主要测量工具是头围。

目的是检测那些存在的疾病 大头畸形和小头畸形。

然而，它的测量也并非没有问题：

  • 作为周长，它没有考虑形状的变化（定性问题）。这是一种外部测量，我们旨在通过它来评估内部变量（脑容量）。根据形状的不同，相同的周长可以包含不同的体积（球体的体积比椭圆形的体积大）。
  • 它是可靠性最低的人体测量之一（头发的存在、儿童的动作、根据仪表位置的不同测量结果等），因此测量误差很常见。有必要随着时间的推移多次重复测量以推断趋势。
  • 头部大小很大程度上取决于遗传。
    • 这意味着建议使用代表性人群的图表，以避免由于过度诊断或诊断不足而导致的偏差。西班牙人口的平均头部尺寸比世界卫生组织图表的参考样本更大，因此可以方便地将西班牙儿童与 奥尔贝戈佐图形，以及来自其他国家的儿童 世界卫生组织图表.
    • 此外，如果出现明显偏差，则有必要测量父母双方的头围，以排除出现偏差的可能性。 家族性大头畸形。
    • 有些遗传病有特定的图表。
    • 如果有疑问，头围也可以根据身高进行校正，因为它们必须成比例，因此患有小头畸形或和谐大头畸形（相同的 z 体重、身高和腰围）的儿童不会引起关注，但患有相对小头畸形或大头畸形的儿童将引起关注（即使其参考人群不超过 +/-2SD）。必须考虑到身高和 PC 之间的比例在一生中都会发生变化。可以计算身高年龄，随后可以根据身高年龄而不是实际年龄来评估 PC 百分位。
19955111 {19955111:KHG275TG} 1 温哥华 50 默认 3908 https://neuropediatoolkit.org/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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布什比 KM、科尔 T、马修斯 JN、古德希普 JA。成人头围的百分位数。 Arch Dis Child [互联网]。 1992 年 10 月 [引用于 2022 年 11 月 24 日]；67(10):1286–7。可从： https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1793909/
质的问题。头部直径。

为了测量头颅直径， 颅骨计.