我们将神经发育理解为中枢神经系统在整个童年时期获得技能和能力的过程。它是一个层次化、顺序化和刻板化的过程,由基因编码,但受环境调节。

我们可以根据所涉及的技能将神经发育分为不同的领域。

此外,还有一些特定的多领域技能在评估儿童的神经发育时很有用。

另一方面,许多生理功能也受到神经发育的调节,因此在儿童中必须考虑到这一点。

定量评估。
发展里程碑。我们的意思是什么?
  • 为了正确评估,有必要了解不同年龄的预期里程碑。
  • 传统上,在儿科中,人们学习这些知识时会考虑到平均人口获得这些知识的年龄, 而不是了解其随时间的统计分布或 发展窗口 (第 10 个百分位、第 50 个百分位和第 90 个百分位达到此年龄的年龄)。

  • 充分证明了使用 筛选测试 它在临床评估中更加精确,因为它比应用“正常里程碑”列表可以进行更好的评估。
丹佛-II 测试是一种基于美国人口的筛查工具。
Haizea-Llevant 测试基于西班牙人口。
发展的量化。比较的最佳策略。

然而,筛查测试只能用于了解特定时刻的发育情况,并能够将神经正常儿童与出现警报症状的儿童区分开来。

当我们发现孩子患有神经发育问题时,有必要 通过测量 发展规模、不同领域和全球发展,并将其与标准化人口进行比较。发育量表通常允许计算“同等年龄或发育年龄«.

根据发育年龄,我们可以计算 发展商数。它们可分为轻度(CD 70-100)、中度(CD 50-70)和重度(CD 小于 50)延迟。

一些发展量表甚至提供 标准化分数 通过了解孩子相对于正常群体的统计位置(z 或 T 分数),能够了解统计偏差,从而了解问题的严重性。

发展轨迹。最强大的预测工具。

然而,时间上孤立的测量只能让我们了解静态情况。当我们获得多次连续测量值时,我们可以推断出 发展路径,在推断预测时这是一个非常强大的工具。保存进化记录对于能够及早诊断疾病尤为重要。 发育倒退.

正常神经发育的发育轨迹和变异性。

定性评估。

除了评估发育是否正在发生 与正常发育不平衡,需要考虑是否有 其存在本身就代表警报症状的症状(危险信号).

培训工具:

有多种工具可用于训练神经发育评估。

  • 在网络上 途径 根据实际年龄提供正常发育里程碑的视频。
  • CUDAP 网站上有一个 筛选测试 并附有视频供家长使用。

19955111 {19955111:592B552C};{19955111:7A63X98F},{19955111:UAMEQREW},{19955111:JBXAZGTB} 1 温哥华 50 默认 1869 https://neuropediatoolkit.org/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%227A63X98F%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A19955111%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Thomas%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BThomas%20MS%2C%20Annaz%20D%2C%20Ansari%20D%2C%20Scerif%20G%2C%20Jarrold%20C%2C%20Karmiloff-Smith%20A.%20Using%20developmental%20trajectories%20to%20understand%20developmental%20disorders.%20Journal%20of%20speech%2C%20language%2C%20and%20hearing%20research%20%5BInternet%5D.%202009%20%5Bcited%202015%20Apr%2026%5D%3B52%282%29%3A336%26%23x2013%3B58.%20Available%20from%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsig12perspectives.pubs.asha.org%5C%2Farticle.aspx%3Farticleid%3D1781321%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsig12perspectives.pubs.asha.org%5C%2Farticle.aspx%3Farticleid%3D1781321%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Using%20developmental%20trajectories%20to%20understand%20developmental%20disorders%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20SC%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dagmara%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Annaz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ansari%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gaia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scerif%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chris%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jarrold%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Annette%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Karmiloff-Smith%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Purpose%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20In%20this%20article%2C%20the%20authors%20present%20a%20tutorial%20on%20the%20use%20of%20developmental%20trajectories%20for%20studying%20language%20and%20cognitive%20impairments%20in%20developmental%20disorders%20and%20compare%20this%20method%20with%20the%20use%20of%20matching.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Method%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20authors%20assess%20the%20strengths%2C%20limitations%2C%20and%20practical%20implications%20of%20each%20method.%20The%20contrast%20between%20the%20methodologies%20is%20highlighted%20using%20the%20example%20of%20developmental%20delay%20and%20the%20criteria%20used%20to%20distinguish%20delay%20from%20atypical%20development.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Results%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20authors%20argue%20for%20the%20utility%20of%20the%20trajectory%20approach%2C%20using%20illustrations%20from%20studies%20investigating%20language%20and%20cognitive%20impairments%20in%20individuals%20with%20Williams%20syndrome%2C%20Down%20syndrome%2C%20and%20autism%20spectrum%20disorder.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Conclusion%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Two%20conclusions%20were%20reached%3A%20%28a%29%20An%20understanding%20of%20the%20underlying%20mechanism%20will%20be%20furthered%20by%20the%20richer%20descriptive%20vocabulary%20provided%20by%20the%20trajectories%20approach%20%28e.g.%2C%20in%20distinguishing%20different%20types%20of%20delay%29%20and%20%28b%29%20an%20optimal%20design%20for%20studying%20developmental%20disorders%20is%20to%20combine%20initial%20cross-sectional%20designs%20with%20longitudinal%20follow-up.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1044%5C%2F1092-4388%282009%5C%2F07-0144%29%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsig12perspectives.pubs.asha.org%5C%2Farticle.aspx%3Farticleid%3D1781321%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221092-4388%2C%201558-9102%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ZN92RR6I%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-07-15T22%3A40%3A21Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22592B552C%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A19955111%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Sices%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222007-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BSices%20L.%20Use%20of%20Developmental%20Milestones%20in%20Pediatric%20Residency%20Training%20and%20Practice%3A%20Time%20to%20Rethink%20the%20Meaning%20of%20the%20Mean.%20J%20Dev%20Behav%20Pediatr%20%5BInternet%5D.%202007%20Feb%20%5Bcited%202015%20May%201%5D%3B28%281%29%3A47%26%23x2013%3B52.%20Available%20from%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%5C%2Fpmc%5C%2Farticles%5C%2FPMC2707752%5C%2F%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%5C%2Fpmc%5C%2Farticles%5C%2FPMC2707752%5C%2F%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Use%20of%20Developmental%20Milestones%20in%20Pediatric%20Residency%20Training%20and%20Practice%3A%20Time%20to%20Rethink%20the%20Meaning%20of%20the%20Mean%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laura%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sices%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Objective%5CnPediatricians%20frequently%20report%20the%20use%20of%20developmental%20milestones%20in%20monitoring%20young%20children%5Cu2019s%20development%2C%20despite%20evidence%20that%20use%20of%20screening%20tools%20improves%20detection%20of%20developmental%20delays.%5Cn%5CnMethods%5CnCore%20texts%20in%20the%20field%20of%20pediatrics%20and%20developmental-behavioral%20pediatrics%20were%20reviewed%20for%20content%20and%20presentation%20on%20child%20development.%20Most%20texts%20included%20and%20many%20focused%20on%20developmental%20milestones%2C%20many%20with%20an%20emphasis%20on%2050th%20percentile%20milestone%20data.%20Problems%20and%20limitations%20in%20the%20use%20of%2050th%20percentile%20milestones%20to%20monitor%20young%20children%5Cu2019s%20development%20and%20to%20identify%20children%20whose%20development%20is%20suspicious%20for%20delay%2C%20include%20questionable%20utility%20in%20clinical%20decision%20making%20and%20the%20potential%20to%20increase%20parental%20anxiety.%5Cn%5CnResults%5CnThe%20recommendation%20is%20made%20to%20reconsider%20a%20focus%20on%2050th%20percentile%20milestone%20data%20in%20pediatric%20training%20and%20practice%2C%20in%20favor%20of%20measures%20that%20have%20better%20clinical%20utility%20and%20are%20more%20psychometrically%20sound.%5Cn%5CnConclusion%5CnA%20conceptual%20approach%20to%20the%20presentation%20of%20developmental%20milestones%20differentiates%20the%20use%20of%20the%2010th%2C%2050th%2C%20and%2090th%20percentiles%20of%20age%20of%20achievement%20of%20skills%2C%20based%20on%20the%20clinical%20purpose%20of%20surveillance.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222007-2%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1097%5C%2FDBP.0b013e31803084c6%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%5C%2Fpmc%5C%2Farticles%5C%2FPMC2707752%5C%2F%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%2217353732%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22PMC2707752%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220196-206X%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UYAKBUZZ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-07-15T22%3A39%3A20Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JBXAZGTB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A19955111%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Tervo%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006-07-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BTervo%20RC.%20Identifying%20Patterns%20of%20Developmental%20Delays%20Can%20Help%20Diagnose%20Neurodevelopmental%20Disorders.%20Clinical%20Pediatrics%20%5BInternet%5D.%202006%20July%201%20%5Bcited%202016%20Feb%2018%5D%3B45%286%29%3A509%26%23x2013%3B17.%20Available%20from%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcpj.sagepub.com%5C%2Fcgi%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F0009922806290566%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcpj.sagepub.com%5C%2Fcgi%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F0009922806290566%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Identifying%20Patterns%20of%20Developmental%20Delays%20Can%20Help%20Diagnose%20Neurodevelopmental%20Disorders%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tervo%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222006-07-01%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F0009922806290566%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcpj.sagepub.com%5C%2Fcgi%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F0009922806290566%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220009-9228%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ZN92RR6I%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-07-15T22%3A38%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UAMEQREW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A19955111%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Deboeck%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BDeboeck%20PR%2C%20Nicholson%20J%2C%20Kouros%20C%2C%20Little%20TD%2C%20Garber%20J.%20Integrating%20developmental%20theory%20and%20methodology%3A%20Using%20derivatives%20to%20articulate%20change%20theories%2C%20models%2C%20and%20inferences.%20Appl%20Dev%20Sci%20%5BInternet%5D.%202016%20%5Bcited%202017%20Oct%2012%5D%3B19%284%29%3A217%26%23x2013%3B31.%20Available%20from%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%5C%2Fpmc%5C%2Farticles%5C%2FPMC4776324%5C%2F%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%5C%2Fpmc%5C%2Farticles%5C%2FPMC4776324%5C%2F%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Integrating%20developmental%20theory%20and%20methodology%3A%20Using%20derivatives%20to%20articulate%20change%20theories%2C%20models%2C%20and%20inferences%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pascal%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deboeck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jody%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nicholson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chrystyna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kouros%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Todd%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Little%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Judy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garber%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Matching%20theories%20about%20growth%2C%20development%2C%20and%20change%20to%20appropriate%20statistical%20models%20can%20present%20a%20challenge%2C%20which%20can%20result%20in%20misuse%2C%20misinterpretation%2C%20and%20underutilization%20of%20different%20analytical%20approaches.%20We%20discuss%20the%20use%20of%20derivatives%20---%20the%20change%20of%20a%20construct%20with%20respect%20to%20changes%20in%20another%20construct.%20Derivatives%20provide%20a%20common%20language%20linking%20developmental%20theory%20and%20statistical%20methods.%20Conceptualizing%20change%20in%20terms%20of%20derivatives%20allows%20precise%20translation%20of%20theory%20into%20method%20and%20highlights%20commonly%20overlooked%20models%20of%20change.%20A%20wide%20variety%20of%20models%20can%20be%20understood%20in%20terms%20of%20the%20level%2C%20velocity%20and%20acceleration%20of%20constructs%3A%20the%200th%2C%201st%2C%20and%202nd%20derivatives%2C%20respectively.%20We%20introduce%20the%20language%20of%20derivatives%2C%20and%20highlight%20the%20conceptually%20differing%20questions%20that%20can%20be%20addressed%20in%20developmental%20studies.%20A%20substantive%20example%20is%20presented%20to%20demonstrate%20how%20common%20and%20unfamiliar%20statistical%20methodology%20can%20be%20understood%20as%20addressing%20relations%20between%20differing%20pairs%20of%20derivatives.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F10888691.2015.1021924%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%5C%2Fpmc%5C%2Farticles%5C%2FPMC4776324%5C%2F%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%2226949327%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22PMC4776324%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221088-8691%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ZN92RR6I%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-05-09T06%3A45%3A05Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
1.
Thomas MS、Annaz D、Ansari D、Scerif G、Jarrold C、Karmiloff-Smith A。使用发育轨迹来了解发育障碍。言语、语言和听力研究杂志[互联网]。 2009 年 [引用于 2015 年 4 月 26 日];52(2):336–58。可从: http://sig12perspectives.pubs.asha.org/article.aspx?articleid=1781321
1.
Sices L. 在儿科住院医师培训和实践中使用发展里程碑:是时候重新思考平均值的含义了。 J Dev Behav Pediatr [互联网]。 2007 年 2 月 [引用 2015 年 5 月 1 日];28(1):47–52。可从: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2707752/
1.
特尔沃 RC。识别发育迟缓的模式可以帮助诊断神经发育障碍。临床儿科[互联网]。 2006 年 7 月 1 日[引用于 2016 年 2 月 18 日];45(6):509–17。可从: http://cpj.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0009922806290566
1.
Deboeck PR、Nicholson J、Kouros C、Little TD、Garber J。整合发展理论和方法:使用导数来阐明变革理论、模型和推论。应用开发科学[互联网]。 2016 年 [引用于 2017 年 10 月 12 日];19(4):217–31。可从: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4776324/