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Morris-Rosendahl DJ, Crocq MA. Troubles neurodéveloppementaux : l'histoire et l'avenir d'un concept de diagnostic. Dialogues en neurosciences cliniques [Internet]. 31 mars 2020 [cité le 12 novembre 2022];22(1):65-72. Disponible à partir de : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.1/macrocq
Neurodéveloppement normal.

Évaluation du neurodéveloppement.

La notion de troubles neurodéveloppementaux correspond au terme «troubles neurodéveloppementaux» dans la littérature anglo-saxonne. On peut interpréter cette notion de manière plus ou moins restrictive.

  • Comme les troubles qui sont le résultat d’un développement neurologique altéré lui-même (un développement neurologique désordonné). C’est le sens le plus utilisé, car de nombreux mécanismes et causes du développement neurologique restent inconnus. Il s’agirait de troubles neurodéveloppementaux « primaires ».
  • Comme les troubles qui, lorsqu'ils surviennent avant ou pendant le développement neurologique, en modifient l'évolution (un trouble au cours du développement neurologique). Dans ce concept, nous pourrions inclure, par exemple, l'ICP, qui peut être considérée comme un trouble neurodéveloppemental, elle a des conséquences spécifiques qui n'apparaissent pas dans les lésions cérébrales acquises chez l'adulte, comme une trouble de croissance associé, mais c'est un trouble « secondaire ».

La classification DSM-V des troubles neurodéveloppementaux suit cette logique, en se concentrant sur les troubles neurodéveloppementaux primaires, et a une catégorie spécifique pour autres troubles neurodéveloppementaux « spécifiés » (315.8/F88), comme le spectre de l'alcoolisation fœtale.

La paralysie cérébrale ou l'épilepsie de l'enfant ne sont pas incluses dans la classification du DSM-V en tant que troubles neurodéveloppementaux, car elles présentent des symptômes issus du domaine de la neurologie.

Causes des troubles du développement neurologique