Optokinetic Nystagmus Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is an ocular reflex that consists of involuntary eye movements in response to the mobility of the visual environment. This phenomenon includes a slow phase of eye movement in the direction of the stimulus followed by a fast phase in the opposite direction. When performed in the office, the…
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Neurological examination of the critically ill child.
The child admitted to intensive care is a difficult scenario for neurological examination, which is limited by the special circumstances imposed by this environment. We can find 3 main scenarios:
Clinical indicators of genetic PCI.
Clinical Indicators of PCI Genetics Table 2. Summary of Indicators for Cerebral Palliacy Genetics Moderate Strong Possible 1. Dyskinesia2. Absence of spasticity3. Consanguinity∗4. Positive family history∗ 1. Intellectual disability2. Absence of premature birth3. No unilateral symptoms 1. Absence of perinatal risk factors2. Altered vision3. Microcephalus ∗ Known genetic indicator; comparison with the reference population…
Modified Asworth (spasticity).
Modified Ashworth Scale for Spasticity The modified Ashworth scale is a fundamental clinical tool to qualitatively measure increased muscle tone (spasticity) through resistance to passive movement of a joint. This scale allows health professionals to evaluate and document the degree of spasticity in pediatric patients. Diagnostic Criteria 0: …